Desktop Research into Historic Automation Projects of Brownfield Container Terminals
نویسندگان
چکیده
There is a global trend of automation container terminals. However, there lack literature to guide projects for brownfield Therefore, the experiences and lessons learnt from historical terminals are valuable source information future projects. This paper describes terminal carried out in recent years. For each project, drivers, challenges, benefits, drawbacks were gathered using questionnaire directed operators converted The characteristics as sizes implemented solutions via desk study. It was found that main drivers operational cost reductions higher productivity. desired levels not always reached depend on conditions adopted. continuity operations also identified major challenge. Terminals have dealt with it either by following phased, greenfield-like, or big bang approach. Most opted semi-automated (automation yard equipment only); this resulted fewer labor problems, improved vessel productivity, less required space, better agility dealing disruptions. chosen automated RMG version their manned operations, although exceptions observed.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2077-1312']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050704